Sunday, August 23, 2009
Foodless in Manila
ASDC Manila is in 15 days, (thanks to my nifty ASDC Countdown widget that you can find resting neatly on my sidebar to the right) and it hasn't even struck me till like a few days ago, that the whole week I'll be debating there is strategically placed in Ramadhan! D: gaaasp...

For those of you who don't know, Ramadhan is a holy month in the Islamic calender, where all muslims (or more like: all Muslims who give a damn) fast for the entire month. Fasting is basically NOT eating (yes, NOT as in the opposite of YES) from the crack of dawn till the time of Maghrib, which is around 6 o'clockish in the evening. It's somewhat a form of self cleansing they say. A religious ritual that rests our digestive system and cleanses us of shit and past sins, which us Muslims do each year. And guess what? I'm one of em! So I am officially not going to eat from dusk till dawn the WHOLE week competing at ASDC!

I know right...

*sigh*

(and yes, this time only one sigh. Being that fasting is a religious activity I wouldn't wanna offend anybody by looking as if I'm complaining, which I'm not ;P. So relax people, nothing to see here. Move along now.)

I just can't imagine not having anything to eat the whole time there. Well, I suppose we get to eat after Maghrib, but still yknow, us fat debaters kinda need our fuel here...

And to think we'll see the other teams from all across Asia getting to eat. Eating all the local delicacies that Manila has to offer. I can imagine their faces. Eating. Stuffing their faces. Filling up their tummies. While us who can't eat just stare at em with drops of drool dripping from the corner of our mouths.


Yeah kinda like this gorilla over here.

But oh well, I'll just have to grow a pair and deal with it. I mean, who knows? Maybe food might turn out to actually be my downfall? Maybe, just maybe, I'd be better off without food? Team Indonesia might end up winning the whole damn competition running on no food. If that happens, HA! EAT THAT GORILLAS! Or like Marshanda would say, "Makan niiiiiih!"

But if it doesnt (...)


I know right...Yes, this again. (but seriously though, I can't get enough of this cat :D)

So to end this post that I wrote purely out of boredom (and hunger I guess) all I have to say is....

Feed me :'(

p.s. Pray I don't faint while giving a speech ya. Also pray so I wont make others faint. I mean, being that I'm going to be fasting and all, only God knows how bad my breath is gonna smell like.

Toodles :)
Monday, August 17, 2009
A letter I felt like writing today
Dear Country,

As much as I sometimes loath having your name smack dabbed on my passport; as much as I'd love to not love you for not reimbursing my money; and as much as I sometimes despise the fact that I'm a part of you, nevertheless, I am.

And out of all the 365 days this Earth spins around the sun, if I were to at least spend one of them thanking you for the things that I might have selfishly looked past, I think today would be most appropriate.

So thank you country. This gratitude I genuinely convey (with no sarcasm). May this year's transition of age bring change. Maybe not for me, but for generations to come. No pressure.

Saturday, August 15, 2009
It's not Pinot, it's Pinochet
This is a story of a great man. A story of a man who single-handedly overthrew his nation’s president, and created economic growth and miracles under his new regime. A man who jumped through hoops in paving his way to lead and diminish all that stood to defy him. A man of great ideology, a man of remarkable international influence.

But unfortunately, this is also a story of a dead man. A man who lived to see his name go down the drain as time went by. A man who died at the age of 91, but also died with 3,200 charges of political assassination under his name; and as if that wasn’t enough, this man also had been held responsible for 30,000 counts of torture conducted throughout his reigning regime, continued by charges of personal enrichment through embezzlement. And to top it all off with a nice blood-red cherry, this man also had the honor to mark his name in world history, as becoming the first ever former head of state to be rejected of his amnesty rights, arrested for breaking the laws of human rights, leaving him to abide international prosecutions like that of an ordinary citizen. Apparently, this man’s knack for brute force and his fancy for earthly pleasures had stripped him of his good name. After having the whole world frown upon and shun him for his inhumane acts of torture, this man has lived to become well-known as “Just another dictator, but with more publicity” rather than “The Great”.

Yes people, this is the story of Augusto Pinochet. The notorious Chilean dictator who turned countless heads throughout his reign of terror. Pinochet was involved in Operation Condor, a co-operative effort on the part of several South American governments to do away with communist leaders, often by means of murder. Also, numerous international accusations of war crimes started popping out from the ground like possums after his highly-publicized resignation from office. The world accused Pinochet of murder, torture and embezzlement. Moreover judge Baltazar Garzon of Spain, that actually extradited Pinochet from Britain on grounds of abuse of human rights towards more than 3,000 people, many of which who were Spaniards; therefore Garzon became the first ever judge to enact universal jurisdiction to not just any man, but to a former head of state. But before going too far off the bat, let’s take a brief look back at Pinochet’s history.

Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte, or more commonly known as plain Augusto Pinochet was first introduced to the world on the 25th of November 1915. Yes people, fun fact: AUGUST-o Pinochet was born on November, NOT August. Weird, I know. Anyway, Pinochet was born and raised in Valparaiso, a city located at the very center of Chile. A descendant of French settlers who had come to Chile centuries before, Pinochet was the eldest of 6 children, his father Augusto Pinochet Vera, a middle-class government worker, and his mother Avelina Ugarte Martinez, your every day housewife. Throughout his early life, Pinochet had a fancy for history and law. He then indulged his interests by entering military school at the age of 16. Pinochet there spent 4 year of his teenage life learning the how-dos of the military life. Pinochet was famously known to have very high levels of self discipline, commonly referred to as the human clock by friends. But despite his knack for living strictly by the clock, Pinochet took a rather long stay at military school. The average man would only take up to 3 years to achieve Second Lieutenant status, on the other hand Pinochet took 4. Although deemed a slow learner by some, the then Second Lieutenant found himself chapters of success in his military life, achieving promotion after promotion, and in time grew to become Commander In Chief of the Chilean Army at the age of 58. Pinochet was entrusted this grand position by the current reigning President Salvador Allende. Little that Allende knew at the time that the very man he gave such an honor to bare, would become the man who in the end overthrew his presidency.

The year was 1971, and Salvador Allende at the time held the reigns to Chile’s parliament. Allende’s government under his keen eye believed that the capitalist system was to blame for Chile’s recent woes in the economic department; because in that particular year, Chile was in fatal economic devastation. Inflation percentages were up to the hundreds, the country had no foreign reserves whatsoever and to top it all off Chile’s GDP was falling like a pin dropped into a pile of magnets (which is super fast). So in response to that belief, Allende quickly moved to socialise the economy, therefore in the end creating a Marxist socialist government, which has close ties to the ideologies of communism, which also didn’t really help with his popularity at the time. But even from the very beginning of his rise to power, Allende didn’t have quite that much of a fan wagon to support his new socialist regimen, especially the United States government. Under the rule of President Nixon, the United States government actually funded 10 Million dollars in support of actions to oust Allende from the Chile presidency. Namely being actions run by the CIA , under the code name “Track II”.

Salvador Allende’s idea to convert Chile into a Marxist socialist nation proved to be an idea worth applauding in it’s first year running. After quite an economic speed bump experienced by thousands of Chileans, the citizens finally met days when inflation relatively decreased, as wages rose while the government managed to suppress the rise of prices. But unfortunately, all the sunshine and rainbows were short-lived. After quite a success, Allende’s popularity struck it’s toll when the economy again experienced a drastic decline the following year the Marxist socialist system was introduced. As of that, oppositions toward the Allende grew even quicker. The US then withdrew all it’s financial support and loans, while the CIA persistently pursued Allende down like a mouse.

The following year, opposition armed forces finalized their plans to over throw Allende. Being a power hungry man that he is, Pinochet saw this as a grand opening to pursue his political ambition to rise to power. On 11 September the opposition executed Coup D’etat. A long planned movement to over throw Allende. Lead by Pinochet, they struck through land and skies, ordering air forces to plunge attacks to the presidential palace, then securing the provinces. Allenede in the end dies defending his presidential palace. Many of Allende’s aides are then arrested and transported to a military base, where they meet their death in brutal execution and buried. In the provinces, the notorious 'Caravan of Death' targets political opponents, summarily executing at least 72.

The new military then form a four-man junta headed by Pinochet. Consisting of the commanders-in-chief of the army, navy, air force and police, they embark on a campaign to remove the influence of the Allende government from all social institutions. A state of siege is declared, martial law is introduced and parliament is closed. The media is censored, universities are purged, books are burned, Marxist political parties are outlawed and union activities are banned. Thousands are murdered or "disappeared". Thousands more are jailed or forced to leave the country. Torture is commonplace. Up to one million fled into self-imposed exile. It is reported that up to 250,000 people are detained in the first months following the coup. Stadiums, military bases and naval vessels were used as short-term prisons. At least five new prison camps were established for political prisoners. But wait people, the slaughter doesn’t end here. In 1974, an army general by the name of Carlos Prats was assassinated by DINA, the newly formed secret police force under Pinochet’s order. Prats, a former commander-in-chief, in the past declined Pinochet’s offer to take part in the coup against Allende. Well, I guess Prats learned his lesson didn’t he? Along with himself, Prat’s wife also met her grim reaper as a bomb blew up in their car, destroying their garage, where both Prats and wife were at the time. The United States government then recognizes the junta and continues financial aid.

Pinochet takes complete control of Chile on 11 December when he is named president. Over the next 15 years he ruled the country as an iron-fisted autocrat in the mode of his admired role-model, the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. Soon after his official rise to power, Pinochet then embarks on his new ambition: eliminating all traces of Marxism left in the world. So in attempts to achieve his goal, Pinochet then takes part in Operation Condor, which is an information gathering and sharing alliance designed to eliminate Marxist terrorist activities in South America. In the times this operation took action, many other Chileans were found mysteriously dead. In 1976, the body of the communist activist Marta Ugarte was found washed up on a beach in Chile. It is later revealed that Ugarte's body, along with those of up to 500 other Chileans executed following the coup, was weighted with a piece of railroad track then dumped from a helicopter into the Pacific Ocean as part of an organized program to hide evidence of human rights violations. I just can’t bare to imagine someone minding their own business walking peacefully by the seashore one day, then finds a dead woman’s body washed up to the shore like kelp. So much for message in a bottle huh?

And as if it couldn’t get any worse, it did. In 1980 Pinochet introduced a new constitution allowing him to remain as president until 1989. The new constitution also entrenches the military's domination of the government and allows Pinochet to restrict freedom of association and speech and to arrest or exile any citizen, with no rights of appeal except to Pinochet himself. The political activities of unions and community organizations are restricted and politicians are barred from advocacy roles for such groups. Local governments are abolished and Pinochet is given the power to dissolve the House of Representatives. And to top things off with a chocolate covered cherry, the constitution cannot be amended without approval from Pinochet.
In 1986, attempts to assassinate Pinochet were executed. On September 7th an armed wing of the Communist Party stages an unsuccessful attempt on Pinochet's life. Five bodyguards were killed but Pinochet remained unharmed, like the God he is. But although Pinochet survived murder attempts, he became victim of his growing age and starts to experience heart problems, and to which many cheer.

As the decade came to a banging end, so did the new. The year was 1993 and as Pinochet’s health comes to a plunge; his opposition seeks his down fall from a different angle. What angle? Law. About 600 military officers that year were named as having committed human rights abuses during the Pinochet regime. The former chief of the Chilean secret police, Manuel Contreras, and his deputy are convicted and imprisoned for their role in the assassination of Orlando Letelier, ambassador to the US under Allende, in Washington in 1976. Contreras receives a seven year sentence. In 1997 he claims that Pinochet had ordered the killing of Letelier. In November 2004 he tells 'The New York Times' that Pinochet had known about and approved of all his actions. Meanwhile, Pinochet is fitted with a heart pacemaker. Along with an ongoing heart complaint he suffers from diabetes and arthritis.

Then came the final gong, when Spanish judge Baltazar Garzon rules that his court has jurisdiction in a case of international terrorism, genocide and crimes against humanity brought against Pinochet by the families of some of the victims of his regime. The charges allege that agents of the regime working under the Operation Condor alliance have killed or attempted to kill individuals in the US, Argentina, Italy and other countries and cite the findings of the Chilean National Corporation for Reconciliation and Reparation.

As a sign of retreat Pinochet steps down as commander-in-chief of the army on 10 March 1998 but becomes a senator for life. He remains immune from prosecution for his role in the human rights abuses of his regime and is given the honorary title of commander-in-chief emeritus of the Chilean Army. But Garzon stayed persistent. In September Pinochet traveled to Britain to undergo surgery for a back complaint, believing his immunity from prosecution stretches worldwide. However, on the 16th October the British police acting on a warrant issued from Spain arrested him in his hospital bed. The warrant requests Pinochet's extradition to Spain to face charges relating to his past abuse of human rights and inhumane principles. The abduction had been coordinated between the military regimes of Argentina and Chile under the Operation Condor alliance. Fortunately for Pinochet though, this time his health gave a helping hand. The following year the Chile government then ruled Pinochet to be returned from Spain on grounds of bad health. Pinochet was then flown back to his home of Chile and put under house arrest.

On August 8 2000 the Chilean Supreme Court rules to lift Pinochet's immunity from prosecution so he can be charged with 18 of the kidnappings and 57 of the executions carried out during the Caravan of Death that followed the 1973 coup. The efforts to prove that he is medically unfit for trial are renewed. But precisely 6 years ond one month later, on 8 September 2006 Pinochet looses his immunity for charges relating to human rights abuses carried out at the Villa Grimaldi prison in the south of Santiago between 1974 and 1977. Villa Grimaldi, which was a notorious torture centre run by DINA. But unfortunately, the many years spent to hunt down and bind Pinochet under the law comes to a startling end when precisely at 2:15 p.m. on Sunday, 10 December 2006, the notorious dictator…

…died.

Yes people, after the 16 year reign of terror spread by Augusto Pinochet, it all comes to an end. Millions of people across the world were left to live unable to witness the perpetrator of such heinous crimes bow down to law. And Augusto Pinochet, being the idealist that he is, stays persistent in believing that what he has done is true. Although one might disagree, you have to admit, this man has balls.

“I never aspired to be a dictator because ... I considered that to be a dictator would end badly. I always acted in a democratic way. ... Who shall I ask to be pardoned by? They say I should ask for forgiveness, what shall I ask to be forgiven for? ... I feel like an angel. I have no resentment." –Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006)

So if there was one thing we learned from our brief history lesson today I’d probably say it’s something like this: The BEST way to save your ass from an international lawsuit… is to die, not to runaway and flee to Singapore, ehemmanohara…


Yellow's the new Brad Pitt
Just gonna post to commemorate the official slight transformation of this blog. After quite a while having this blog's design exuding death and suffering with it's all greyscale dullness, I finally decided to add the puh-zaz I've been meaning to add. So now, it's *cue drum roll* ferrari yellow! Yey :D

p.s. Credits to Spongebob's 10th year anniversary for the inspiration. I love you bob <3

Friday, August 14, 2009
Death by grey (not chocolate)
Does this blog need extra color to add a certain amount of puh-zaz to it? Or does the dullness of color suit the boredom that comes from reading my posts? lol.

But seriously, reader's insight would be very much appreciated :)
Don't mind me, I'm just animorphing...
Remember that awesome Saturday morning TV show we used to watch every week when we were kids (or at least when I was a kid, some of my readers may be old for all I know) the one about teenagers who had the ability to change into cool animals like bears, tigers, snakes etc, they fought off bad guys and saved the world, and all that jazz? Yeah, Animorphs. I dunno why, but that particular nostalgic child-hood memory just happened to pop in my head recently.

Well, if I were to by any chance wake up tomorrow suddenly an animal, I guess I'd look somewhat like this:

Yes people, poor little me has been going through hell these past few days. Talk about exhaustion, drowsiness, your-brain-half-asleep-all-the-time-ness, and all that jazz and more when you have two large fractions of your life at collision point.

It hasn't even been 2 sessions of online training yet and I already feel like my hair's about to magically turn blonde with reddish highlights, then fall of my scalp. And guess what? To top it all off I have exam week at school. So it's literally like marijuana till 7pm then chemistry till 1am. Then we have the next day, patents till 8 pm and integrals till, well till I'm drop dead gorgeous, lol.

*sigh*

no no wait, it's more like: *double sigh*

But oh well. I mean, it's all quite fun actually, watching myself kill myself, lol.

Aaanyway, so after a successfully executed prototype schedule for session 1 of the online session, I've kinda grown to learn that strictly dividing school and debate with certain times actually work. So I guess I'll use this form of self-discipline for the next legs of training too.

So...yeah, there you have it. The latest scoop on my oh so very interesting life as of now :D
Oh and just before I go, the 2nd session of online training has just started. So for blog jobs, I have the topic of Augusto Pinochet; and as for the online debate, all 4 of us boys have this one motion to work on (too lazy to move my fingers and click "yahoo mail" to check the actual wording of the motion, sorry)

Okay now, so you now may continue on with your lives. Bye :)

p.s. Oh and here's an awesome book cover from the Animorph series. Yknow, just in case some of you dunno what Animorphs is. Or if any of you by any chance spent your whole child-hood in a cave :D jk...

Sunday, August 9, 2009
Putting a Price On Intellectuality
“The congress shall have power… To promote the progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries...”

The entry above was cited from Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8, of the United States Constitution, as mandated by the Patent Act of 1952. This is the part of common law that acts as the header for all formal and non-formal debates upon the rights to patenting. Where in all debates come pros and cons, I can’t help but to feel the itch to break each one down to fragments for a better understanding of the situation and issue.

Now when speaking of patents, I presume that the vast majority would beg to propose. Because nonetheless, you must admit that the very idea of patenting itself is indeed tres seductive for the naked eye. Let’s say, after spending 24 hours 7 days a week in a laboratory trying to discover the next best thing in pharmaceutical history, who in their right minds wouldn’t want legal acknowledgement? Or maybe, after spending 24 hours 7 days a week in a remote Indonesian village, who in their right minds wouldn’t want royalties knocking on their door each time the next best scientist or inventor comes and cites your discovery of a revolutionary batik that is made from unbreakable strands of cloth? All statements mentioned above is made just to give you a fundamental understanding on how the society perceives patent rights. Society as of now believes that with patenting comes innovation. Society believes that by having patents erected -especially with the alluring pot of money and royalties waiting over the rainbow- innovation and further research and development will be triggered to occur. Thus creating further revolutions in whichever industry the patent was designated for. The society also is keen in believing that in the particular cases of tradition and folklore, patents would solidify a nation of its national identity. Triggering pride to emerge from the hearts of teens and young ones alike, who as of now really could care less about Tari Piring and what not.

But I beg to differ. Why? Because the majority who perceive patenting as an incentive towards innovation, do not actually understand the patenting system itself. The beurocracy that goes into putting one’s name on a discovery. The existence of underground “thefts” or formally known as Patent Trolls, that create generic renditions of the original invention with a cheaper price; the existence of these trolls would systematically reduce government revenue in certain departments, causing financial allocation towards research and development of the invention or discovery to be hindered. Therefore in the end, the initial goal of “innovation” is not reached. Because these Patent Trolls are not the ones who conduct the research and development, rather it is the government themselves who do, because of patenting. By having no sufficient income, the government would fail to innovate; leaving the particular industry to whither below the bridge where trolls rule to take what is legally not theirs, and become the highly-demanded “heroes” who sell equally qualifiable substitutes of patented products that sell by a higher price. The higher price in which does not exist because patented products are better in quality, but rather because these patented products are patented in the first place. So I believe that by diminishing patent rights, intellectuality would be up for grabs. By having no patents guarding a certain invention, independent studies done by scientists and researchers alike would commence. Because as of now, any form of research & development concerning a patented product is illegal by law, unless they obtain governmental permission to do so. Permission equals money. Money equals less independent studies. Less independent studies equal less innovation. Also to the point of traditions and national identity; I will show you that patenting is not the answer. I will show you how legal acknowledgment, does not equal social acceptance. Patenting would not create national pride, because I firmly believe that pride comes before theft, not after.

To paint you a prettier picture, I’ve divided my thoughts on patent rights according to what aspects are at stake. First and foremost, on the argument of national identity and legal acknowledgment; issues concerned here namely would be that of the Indonesia-Malaysia batik conflict. And to wrap up, I will elaborate on how innovation would in time cease to exist with patent rights still in effect; this particular point regards the issues occurring in the pharmaceutical industry and the software and technology department.

National identity. When it comes to national pride over traditions and culture, what is needed is not legal acknowledgement. We do not need the government to protect any form of cultural practices through patent rights under the constitution cited earlier. What is important to be done, is to solidify our stance as a nation, by further promoting our cultures, not cowardly hiding from international competition with the help of Patentman the superhero. Why? Because you must consider the fact that competition coming from countries all over the globe is inevitable. But by having patent rights diminished, other countries would be free to distribute one nation’s culture, therefore systematically promoting it for the nation. But then one would think, if other nations do the promoting for us, then wont they get the credit, not us? That, is an assumption. Need proof? An example would be in the case of the batik tug of war between Indonesia and Malaysia. Although Malaysia now has officially obtained legal patent rights over batik, the majority of people from across the globe do not flock to Malaysia to get their international hands on these beautifully designed cloths. What they do is in fact still travel to Jogja and to other Indonesian tourist destinations to buy batiks. Why? Because since the very beginning, even before the international lawsuit ever started, Indonesia has been socially excepted by the international world as the original home of batik.

“Batik has been both an art and a craft for centuries. In Java, Indonesia, batik is part of an ancient tradition, and some of the finest batik cloth in the world is still made there.” -Batik, Wikipedia

Therefore proof is obtained that actually legal protection is not needed in this situation; that what is quintessential is not governmental acknowledgment, rather it is social even Wikipedia acknowledgment, in which Indonesia has successfully achieved. Not to mention that erecting patents themselves isn’t an easy task, nor is it in anyway cheap. The beauracracy needed is mind boggling, and also the money needed is jaw dropping. So I stand firm in saying that rather than allocating great amounts of money to pay the government to lawfully protect culture, we should re-allocate the money towards creating an incentive for local traditional workers to further promote the creation and innovation of such traditional and cultural products or practices.

Concerning patent’s role in the software and technology world, innovation would be suppressed with patent rights existing. Now when one product is patented, the law firmly states that any form of use of these products must go through certain beuracratical procedures in order to obtain permission. In cases like technology and software, beuracracy is nonsense. Technology grows fast and newer and more modern software emerge every day, therefore just the idea of taking time to go through beuracracy to patent a certain technological product is unreasonable. Because this would slow down the process of innovation itself. In certain cases where the patented products are of high value, legal permission to use these products in research could take up to 20 years. The primary benefit of protecting computer software through the patent system is the strength of protection provided by the patent laws. An owner of a patent may prevent all others from making, using, or selling the patented invention. In connection with software, an issued patent may prevent others from utilizing a certain algorithm (such as the GIF image compression algorithm) without permission, or may prevent others from creating software programs that perform a function in a certain way (such as Compton's withdrawn patent that allegedly prevented all others from performing certain types of multimedia database queries). Patents are often described as a grant of a limited monopoly in exchange for an element of disclosure or public use. Free Software is an example of full disclosure of the software and source code with specific freedoms granted to all users of that software. So rather than focusing on maximizing the rewards for previously authored software, those opposed to software patenting are more concerned with future software development, like myself.
Now concerning the pharmaceutical industry, let’s bring up an example like AIDS medicines. With my earlier elaborations, we have solidified our understanding on how patenting would create a monopolized environment of more expensive products. Now with the issue of AIDS at hand, I believe that patenting a drug to supposedly help an AIDS patient, would be nonsense, moreover inhumane. Furthermore regarding how patenting would create too much hustle and bustle for the medical world. When creating a patent, competitor’s are still free to write a lawsuit against that patent, and beg to say that the patent is invalid because of certain reasons. Now with all that buzz happening in courts, we are forgetting the actual people we initially pledged to serve. These AIDS patients and other patients of chronic diseases need help, and fast. So then there wouldn’t be a need for patenting anymore, when the need for medication is dire, and when the time left to live is ticking. Not just ticking for their lives but also ticking for innovation, because if you haven’t noticed by now, a cure for AIDS has yet to be discovered; and with patents blocking research and development from actually discovering it, I don’t believe the day will come, or at least soon enough.

In the end, patent still is proven to be unneeded. First of all, because the government’s initial goal to create patent laws was so innovation would be triggered. But what they don’t realize is that patents itself hinders innovation to occur. Because with patents, not all parties are free to research and develop. Especially with the issue of patent trolls at hand, it is actually better that all people become trolls ad no one become stake holders, in order for true innovation to commence. Also on current issues concerning batik. Facts have proven to us that Malaysia robbing Indonesia is not a problem, because what is important is social acceptance, not lawful acceptance. Therefore yet again patents is not needed. Toodles :D

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